SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    11431, 11441, 11654, 2027, 2023, 2038, 
    2029, 11655, 11437, 2035, 2024, 2039, 
    11435, 2033, 2030, 11436, 11440, 2032, 
    11430, 2022, 2037, 2036, 2031, 11656, 
    2021, 2034, 2028, 3514, 2025, 11439, 
    11442, 11438, 2026, 11433, 11657, 11432
  )

Query time 0.00078

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "14.26"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 68,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 68,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "7.47",
        "eval_cost": "6.80",
        "prefix_cost": "14.27",
        "data_read_per_join": "177K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`goimagine`.`categories`.`parent_id` in (11431,11441,11654,2027,2023,2038,2029,11655,11437,2035,2024,2039,11435,2033,2030,11436,11440,2032,11430,2022,2037,2036,2031,11656,2021,2034,2028,3514,2025,11439,11442,11438,2026,11433,11657,11432))"
    }
  }
}