SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(
    18764, 18762, 18763, 18789, 18784, 17807, 
    18778, 17808, 18779, 18788, 18664, 
    18646, 18634, 19114, 19011, 18766, 
    18790, 18785, 18769, 18667, 18725, 
    18711, 18696, 18693, 18690, 18684, 
    18681, 17805, 18759, 18773, 18774, 
    18635, 18645, 18760, 18786, 19414, 
    18663, 18682, 18732, 18726, 18723, 
    18720, 18712, 18709, 18703, 18700, 
    18697, 18694, 18691, 18688, 18685, 
    18782, 18641, 18636, 18642, 18727, 
    17804, 19113, 18761, 18637, 18643, 
    18772, 18746, 18638, 18647, 18783, 
    18639, 18649, 18644, 18640, 18650, 
    18753, 18648, 18651, 18781, 18652, 
    18765, 18653, 18758, 18654, 18776, 
    18655, 18656, 18662, 18659, 18658, 
    18730, 18660, 18661
  )

Query time 0.00117

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "33.71"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "categories",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "parent"
      ],
      "key": "parent",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 165,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 165,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "17.21",
        "eval_cost": "16.50",
        "prefix_cost": "33.71",
        "data_read_per_join": "431K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "category_id",
        "parent_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`goimagine`.`categories`.`parent_id` in (18764,18762,18763,18789,18784,17807,18778,17808,18779,18788,18664,18646,18634,19114,19011,18766,18790,18785,18769,18667,18725,18711,18696,18693,18690,18684,18681,17805,18759,18773,18774,18635,18645,18760,18786,19414,18663,18682,18732,18726,18723,18720,18712,18709,18703,18700,18697,18694,18691,18688,18685,18782,18641,18636,18642,18727,17804,19113,18761,18637,18643,18772,18746,18638,18647,18783,18639,18649,18644,18640,18650,18753,18648,18651,18781,18652,18765,18653,18758,18654,18776,18655,18656,18662,18659,18658,18730,18660,18661))"
    }
  }
}